A public thesis defense was held for master's student Marwa Saleh Hamad in the Department of Biology, College of Education for Women, University of Anbar, for her thesis titled:
"Analysis of Gene Expression of Selected Phospholipid Genes and Some Biochemical Tests in Patients with Gallstones."

The examination committee was composed of:
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Nihad Jumaa – Chair
Assistant prof. Dr. Moan Hassan Saleh – Member
Assistant prof. Dr. Nidal Ibrahim Latif – Member
Assistant prof. Dr. Nagham Khudair Mahdi – Member and Supervisor

The thesis approached gallstone disease from a modern perspective by combining gene expression analysis with clinical data and biochemical tests, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of the disease and the effects of gallbladder removal on the body.

The most prominent findings of the study included:

• For the first time locally, the gene expression levels of ABCB4 and ABCG5 were analyzed using the qRT-PCR technique in three groups: gallstone patients, post-cholecystectomy patients, and healthy individuals.
• The results showed a clear link between gene expression levels and various biochemical indicators such as liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and antioxidants, offering an integrated view of disease progression.
• A significant increase in GPX-1 and SOD2 enzymes was observed after gallbladder removal, indicating potential oxidative stress that may affect liver health.

The study concluded that the ABCB4 and ABCG5 genes could be considered predictive molecular markers for gallstone disease. It also found that gallbladder removal may be accompanied by adverse changes in liver function and antioxidant levels, which highlights the importance of continued medical monitoring after the procedure.

After thorough discussion by the committee members, the thesis was accepted and the student was awarded a grade of "Pass."